ASTM D7512-2009 利用光学仪器监测明渠流量悬沙浓度的标准指南

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforMonitoringofSuspended-SedimentConcentrationinOpenChannelFlowUsingOpticalInstrumentation
【原文标准名称】:利用光学仪器监测明渠流量悬沙浓度的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD7512-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.07
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:continuousmeasurementofSSC;opticalmeasurements;sediment;sedimenttransport;streammonitoring;suspended-sedimentconcentration;suspended-sedimentload;turbidity
【摘要】:Thisguideisgeneralandintendedasaplanningguide.Tosatisfactorilymonitoraspecificsite,aninvestigatormustsometimesdesignspecificinstallationstructuresormodifythosegiveninthisguidetomeettherequirementsofthesiteinquestion.Becauseofthedynamicnatureofthesedimenttransportprocess,theextenttowhichcharacteristicssuchasmassconcentrationandparticle-sizedistributionareaccuratelyrepresentedinthemonitoringprogramdependsonthetypeofequipmentusedandmethodofcollectionoftheSSCsamplesusedtocalibratetheopticalreadings.Sedimentconcentrationishighlyvariableinbothtimeandspace.Numeroussamplesmustbecollectedandanalyzedwithproperequipmentandstandardizedmethodsfortheratingoftheopticalequipmentataparticularsite(seeGuideD4411andPracticeD3977).Allopticalequipmenthaveanupperlimitforvalidreadings,beyondwhichthemeterwillnotreadproperly,commonlyreferredtoasx201C;blackingout.x201D;IfupperrangeofSSCareexpectedtocauseopticalinstrumentblackout,thensomeothermeansshouldbedevised,suchasautomaticpumpingsamplers,tocollectsamplesduringthisperiod.SeeEdwardsandGlysson(1)andGlysson(2)forinformationoncollectionofsuspendedsedimentsamplesusingpumpingsamplers.Itshouldbenotedthatothertechnologies,suchaslasersandacousticdopplers,arealsobeingusedtomonitorSSCcontinuously.Theuserofthisguideshouldrealizethatbecausedifferenttechnologiesanddifferentmodelsofthesametechnologyofturbiditymeterscanproducesignificantlydifferentoutputsforthesameenvironmentalsample,onlyonemanufacturerandmodeloftheturbiditymetercanbeusedtodeveloptherelationshipbetweentheSSCandturbidityreadingsatasite.Ifadifferentmanufactureroradifferentmodeltypeofturbiditymeterisused,anewrelationshipwillneedtobedevelopforthesite.1.1Thisguidecoverstheequipmentandbasicproceduresforinstallation,operation,andcalibrationofopticalequipmentasasurrogateforthecontinuousdeterminationofsuspended-sedimentconcentration(SSC)inopenchannelflow.1.2Thisguideemphasizesgeneralprinciplesfortheapplicationofopticalmeasurementstobeusedtoestimatesuspended-sedimentconcentration(SSC)inwater.Onlyinafewinstancesarestep-by-stepinstructionsgiven.Continuousmonitoringisafield-basedoperation,methodsandequipmentareusuallymodifiedtosuitlocalconditions.Themodificationprocessdependsupontheoperatorskillandjudgment.1.3Thisguidecoverstheuseoftheoutputfromanopticalinstrument,suchasturbidityandsuspended-solidsmeters,torecorddatathatcanbecorrelatedwithsuspended-sedimentconcentration.Itdoesnotcovertheprocessofcollectingdataforcontinuousturbidityrecord,whichwouldrequireadditionalcalibrationoftheturbidityreadingstothemeanturbidityofthemeasurementcrosssection.Forthepurposesofthismethoditisassumedthatthedependentvariablewillbemeancross-sectionalsuspended-sedimentconcentrationdata.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesandtodeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:17_120_20
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】: